SAP ARCHITECTURE-SAP R/3 ARCHITECTURE

1. What assurance the integration of all application modules?

The R/3 basis system assurance the incorporation of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w provides the run time setting for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system augmentation, and contains the administration tools for the entire system.One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.

2. What are the central crossing points of the R/3 system?

Presentation Interface.Database Interface.Operating system Interface.

3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?

Presentation Interface.

4. Which interface change SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the database?

Database Interface.

5. What is SAP dispatcher?

SAP dispatcher is the control manager that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.

6. What are the functions of dispatcher?

Equal allocation of transaction load to the work processes.Management of buffer areas in main memory.Integration of the presentation levels.Organization of communication activities.

7. What is a work process?

A work process is where individual dialog steps are in reality processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.

8. Name a range of work processes of R/3 system?

Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).Background (Started at a specific time)Update (primary or secondary)Enque (Lock mechanism).Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).

9. Explain on the two services that are used to deal with communication.

Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.

Gateway Service: facilitate communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.

10. Which work process triggers database changes?

Update work process.

11. Define service (within R/3)?

A service is a process or group of processes that execute a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.

12. What are the roll and page areas?

Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher allocates process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas.Paging area holds data from the application programs.Roll area holds data from preceding dialog steps and data that characterize the user.

13. What are the various layers in R/3 system?

Presentation Layer.Application Layer.Database Layer.

14. What are the phases of background processing?

Job Scheduling.Job Processing.Job Overview.

15. What components of the R/e system begin the start of background jobs at the specified time?

The batch scheduler begins the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an accessible background work process for processing.

16. Define Instance.

An instance is an administrative part in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are assembled together. The services offered by an instance are ongoing and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.

17. From hardware point of view, every information system can be divided into three task areas Presentation, Application Logic and Data Storage.The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.

18. What are R/3 Basis configurations?

A central system with centrally installed presentation software.Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.

19. What is a Service in SAP terminology?

A service implies to something offered by a s/w component.

20. What is Server in SAP terminology?

A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respective service.

21. What is a client in SAP terminology?

A S/W component that uses the service (offered by a s/w component) is name a Client. At the same time these clients may also be servers for other services.

22.What is a SAP system?

The union of all s/w components that are allocated to the same databases is called as a SAP system.

23. What is the means of communications between R/3 and external applications?

The means of communication between R/2,R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C handler or SAP Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol.

24. What is the protocol used by SAP Gateway process?

The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol.

25. Expand CPI-C.Common Program Interface Communication.

26. What is a Spool request?

Spool requests are produce during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool database with information about the printer and print format. The real data is places in the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).

27. What are special types of Log records?

V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs.

28. What are the categories of Update requests?

An update request can be separated into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed.

29. Dialog work processes perform only one dialog step and then available for the next request.

30. Explain what a transaction in SAP terms.

In SAP terms, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.

31. Explain how SAP GUI handles output screen for the user.

The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the similar computer or on different computers provided for that purpose. User terminal input is established by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI, converted to SAP proprietary format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher organizes the information exchange between the SAP GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first places the processing request in request queues, which it then processes. The dispatcher dispatches the requests one after another, to the accessible work process. The actual processing takes place in the work process. When processing is done, the product of a work process is returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI read the received data and generates the output screen for the user

SAP Basics

1. What is your present development going on?
A. Tell the present company what u r working. From how long are you working there
keep in mind the dates better write down separately where have u worked
2. What is your SAP skills?

3. What are your daily activities at your place?
A. We do monitoring for the servers like we go throughout the .codes
SM37 – Simple job selection, ST22 : ABAP dump analysis, SM21 – System Log
SM13 - we will check update status SM12 – Check any Obsolete lock entries
SP01 – Check any spool errors, Db02 – Check any critical table spaces
DB12 – We will check Database logs ST02 – check Tuning summary
ST04 – Check the performance of the Database

4. How do you rate yourself from 1-10?
A. 8 out of 10
5. Can u tell me about R/3 Architecture?
A.1 tier :- all processing jobs are performed on one server
2 tier :- Presentation layer carried on one part and Application and Databse Services are carried
one server
3 tier :- Separate servers are used for 3 tier like we can say using data from database server, several deifferent application servers can operate at the same time
what is u r system configuration?
A.OS – Windows NT-4.0 with Service pack 6a RAM – 2 GB , 1 GB – Network Interface Card
IE 5.0
what u r current patch level? And oracle version?
A Kernel 620 kernel patch number 1090 , Oracle version 8.1.5.0
what is meant by tablespace?
A. It is a container for database objects such as table and indexes.
what is meant by central instance?
A. It is an R/3 Instance which contains the message service and typically contains all r/3 services
what is meant by checkpoint?
make sure point is an event during which all the modified data block will written to the datafile by the database writer.
What is an extent :
Collection of oracle blocks
What is a segment
A. Collection of extents is a segment
how to create a data file?
A. Alter table table_name add datafile;

What is a Client?
A client is an independently accountable business unit.
Tell me the transaction code for creating an RFC
SM59

Local Cleint copy – SCCL Remote Client copy – scc9
how to analyze system logs and dumps? Through SM21 and ST22
Tell me the default users in sap
A. SAP *, DDIC , Earlywatch
what is meant by Data Archiving?
A. Removal of application data from the database is called Data Archiving
how to maintain system profiles?
A. We can edit profiles through RZ10 and maintain through RZ11
How do u maintain and create authorization?
through T.Code PFCG
What is a role?
A role is a container for transactions, reports
How do u create a profile
A. t code : su02
how do u do a transportation
A. Through t .code STMS
How do u create a transport request
A. through the t.code SE01
Can u configure TMS?
Say it is already configured and I can configure
How do u maintain Spool Administration?
through SPAD
What is a Spool Server ?
A. The application server in the r/3 system.
28. Do u take backups at your site ?
A. Yes . I take online daily and offline weekend
What is the dissimilarity between online and offline
Online – Database will be running but still we can take backups
Offline – Database will be down. I mean we shutdown the database through SAPDBA to take offline backup

29. What is kernel upgrade?
A. Process of replacing Operating system file with update versions of the same files
We download from service.sap.com the kernel files
Eg of some kernel files : - BRRESTORE, BRCONNECT,SAPSTART,SAPCAR
How do u uncar the kernel file
Example : Car –xvf brrestore.car
Tell me the path of kernel files
usr/sap/<>/sys/exe/run in the run folder we have the kernel files

30. What is purpose of support package?
A. purpose is like we can say to fix problems before they become problem
Where do u download the support package files
usr/sap/trans/eps/in
we apply support patchs by loggin into 000 client as recommended by SAP.


9 SAP Interview Questions asked during my Interview
1) What is internal recruitment ?
Internal recruitment is search for internal applicants. when you integrate with personal development, you can use profile match up which help to search for resources internally.
Also In recruitment it is represented by ‘P’ as Person and ‘AP” as external person.
2) What are problems generally faced while posting result to FICO […]


SAP-ABAP Interview Questions-1

1. How data is stored in cluster table?

Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries.

2. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap?

SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.

3. On which even we can validate the input fields in module programs?

In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)

4. In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically?

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL. CALL FUNCTION ‘F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST’ to get material and material group for the plant.

5. How do you get output from IDOC?

Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments.

6. When top of the page event is triggered?

After executing first write statement in start-of-selection event.

7. Can we create field without data element and how?

In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type.

8. How do we debug sapscript?

Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode on.

9. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program.

TCode AL21.

10. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.

Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.

11. What is the use of ‘outerjoin’

Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the tables used in the view. In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the view.

12. When to use logical database?

Ans. Advantage of Logical databases: less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internal tables. Tables used LDB are in hierarchical structure.

13. What is the use of ‘table index’?

Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.

14. What is the use of ‘FOR ALL ENTRIES’?

Ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement. If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used. Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.

15. Can you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION?

Yes,Using No Screen Mode.

16. What are table buffers?

Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of buffered tables can thus be accessed directly from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of accessing the database. Buffering is useful if table needs to be accessed more no. of times in a program.

17. How do I set a flag for a field in any table?

Create a char field of length 1. for example field STAS-LKENZ is Deletion Indicator. It means that if the value in the field is ‘X’ then that record has been deleted.

18. Can I execute user exits? If yes, how?

Yes you can. after finding the user exit, you need to use, goto CMOD add ur user-exit to your project. Then activate the FM which you require. Now go into that function module there will be a Include program wit name ZX* . Double click on it, it will ask to create an object, answer it Yes and then write your code in it.

19. How do I find the output type of a table or a program?

Table TNAPR / NAST


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